Versace Black and White Silk Op Art Logo Dress

Evening gown worn by Elizabeth Hurley, Spring-Summer 1994, Versace, black viscose and acetate with kilt pin embellishments

Gianni Versace (1946–1997) is one of the most colourful and talented designers of the late 20th-century. Versace was born in Reggio Calabria in Southern Italy. His first independent collection was launched in Milan in 1978 and subsequently, aided by the talents of his brother Santo and sister Donatella, he forged the vastly successful Versace empire.

Versace became internationally renowned for ultra-glamorous creations as well as spectacular theatrical costumes and innovative menswear design. Versace's style combined luxurious classicism with overt sexuality. His sensational advertising campaigns featured supermodels such as Linda Evangelista and Naomi Campbell. Eclectic and impudent, Versace inspired both respect and outrage. He said, 'I don't believe in good taste.'

At the time of his death in 1997, Gianni Versace was one of the most famous fashion designers in the world. In less than twenty years he had created an international company that put Italy on the fashion map and forged an unrivalled reputation for luxury and glamour.

Evening gown, Autumn-Winter 1997/98, Versace, gold-tone Oroton with applied beadwork

Versace's immense drive and singular commitment to fashion resulted in significant achievements. Eclectic and profligate, he showered his clothes with references, forged unlikely alliances of materials and concepts. He combined exquisite dressmaking with a brazen defiance of the rules of fashion.

Versace's couture designs were created for the super rich but his impact was felt across a wider section of society through diffusion lines. Stylistically accessible and instantly recognisable, Versace's fearless designs came to epitomise the 1980s and 1990s.

The Courtyard

Versace was determined to enliven daywear. He added risqué factors such as bondage-like fastenings or seductive pleats to superbly crafted suits, created tantalisingly tactile leather garments, and dressed men and women in ebullient prints from head to toe. The late Richard Martin, of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, wrote:

'His menswear was genuinely revolutionary, insisting on men as sex objects. He became the standard-bearer of gay men's fashion because he eschewed decorum and designed for desire.'

Combining skilful tailoring with innovative materials, Versace produced clothing that could not be ignored.

Coat and belt, Autumn-Winter 1992/93, Versace, padded and quilted black leather trimmed with fox fur and astrakhan, black leather with gilt embellishments

Mini evening dress, Spring/Summer 1996, Versace, leather, synthetic tulle, lace, beads & sequins

The Ballroom

Versace's fitted, sexy 'celebrity' gowns are well known, but he also enjoyed composing traditional full-skirted ballgowns fit for a debutante. He created many evening styles in Oroton, the unique metal mesh 'fabric' which he devised in the early 1980s, and manipulated its weight and fluidity to create shimmering carapaces whose liquidity recalls classical draperies.

Versace's 'Atelier' haute couture collection, launched in 1989, was fuelled by his delight in the overstatement. Micro-dresses and tight jumpsuits were painstakingly embroidered in a wealth of sequins, diamantés and metal threads. In contrast, Versace investigated structure and drama in a series of severe black dresses with dual personalities. Plain at the front, they had wickedly plunging necklines and slit skirts at the back.

Cocktail dress, Spring-Summer 1994, Versace, silver-tone Oroton

Evening dress, Autumn-Winter 1995/96, Versace, vinyl plastic with diamanté and bead embroidery

History

Versace was a man of inexhaustible energy and enthusiasm. He delighted in all forms of creativity and loved museums, including the V&A.  Versace had a deep feeling for his heritage and the role of dress, commenting, 'I come from a land with a rich history . . . its roots are old, ancient roots, that knew the aristocracy of sculptural draperies.' Versace's encyclopaedic knowledge and respect for the past liberated him. He achieved an equilibrium between the historical and the modern which, though audacious, was never disrespectful.

Evening ensemble, bodice, skirt and belt, Autumn-Winter 1990/91, Versace, black net embroidered with multicoloured silks, sequins and diamantés, satin, duchesse satin and faille printed with various black and white geometric patterns

Dress, Spring-Summer 1994, Versace, 'crumpled' tie-dyed silk with machine-made lace

Art

Versace was an avid collector of 20th-century art, from Picasso to Jasper Johns. He paid tribute to the graphic power of pop artist Roy Lichtenstein and appropriated Andy Warhol's celebrity portraits for his printed dress fabrics. In a playful twist, he adorned a gown with the covers of Vogue magazine demonstrating that his clothing, while it may not have been fine art, could certainly be 'artful'.

Theatre

Theatre costume, Versace, 1987, black quilted satin and white satin with black and white applique

Versace's catwalk collections were invariably spectacular and theatrical, and he found commissions (the first in 1982) to create costumes for theatre and ballet irresistible. These in turn clearly influenced his fashion. Some of Versace's most notable works were designed for the choreographer Maurice Béjart. The creations met stringent practical requirements and enhanced the dancer's movements while offering a dynamic visual narrative. Versace looked to the grand masters of fashion drama, Christian Dior, Cristobal Balenciaga and Schiaparelli, for inspiration for his larger than life theatre costumes. Acknowledging his allegiance to the performance arts he said, 'For me the theatre is liberation.'

Donatella

Donatella Versace has been described as Gianni Versace's muse, and he referred to his sister as his 'perfect woman'. Her critical and artistic contribution to the Versace label cannot be overestimated. Donatella joined the family company in the early 1980s and became responsible for accessories and 'Versus', the youth-orientated diffusion line. She became artistic director after Gianni Versace's death in 1997.

Donatella brought a younger, harder edge to Versace which complemented Gianni's classicism. She said, 'I like to play with power when I do clothes – to play with power and with fun.' With her high-profile life, Donatella has helped to define the brand of Versace. Gianni said of her: 'Donatella's strength is that she makes everything she touches modern.'

Career highlights

1946
Born in Reggio Calabria, Italy.

1972
At the age of 25 Versace moved to Milan. He designed his first prêt-à-porter collections for Callaghan, Genny and Complice.

1978
Launched Gianni Versace company with women's wear collection in Milan under the name Gianni Versace Donna.

1979
Collaborated with Richard Avedon for his first fashion photography campaign. This was the beginning of many Versace campaigns by Avedon.

1982
Launched 'Oroton' - a metal chain-mail invented by Versace – in his collection at the Paris Opera.
Awarded L'Occhio d'Oro (The Golden Eye) for the best designer at the Autumn/Winter collections 1982/83 (also awarded The Golden Eye in 1984, 1990 and 1991).
Started working with La Scala Theatre, Milan, designing costumes for Josephlegende (Richard Strauss, directed by Pier Luigi Veronesi).
Versace's costumes were featured in stage events worldwide, among them Donizetti's Don Pasquale (1984), Bob Wilson's Salome (1987) and Doktor Faust (1989), and several Béjart ballets, including Dionysos (1984), Leda and the Swan (1987), Malraux ou la Métamorphose des Dieux (1986) and Chaka Zulu (1989).

1983
Won Cutting Sark Award for 'the most innovative and creative designer in the world' of mens clothes (also awarded in 1988).

1985
Gianni Versace's first display in the UK at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Awarded the Silver Mask award for his contribution to theatre.

1986
Decorated Commendatore in recognition of his work.
Retrospective exhibition of Versace's first decade of creativity at the National Field Museum of Chicago.
Gianni Versace - Fashion Lens exhibition at Musee de la Mode, Paris. The exhibition illustrated Versace's collaborations with international photographers including Avedon, Newton, Weber, Penn, and Barbieri.
Awarded 'Grande Medaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris' by Jacques Chirac. This was the first time the award was given to a designer.

1989
Launched first couture collection in Paris and opened Atelier Versace.
Dresses for Thought an exhibition which looked back over the designer's 25 years in fashion and theatre at the Sforzesco Castle in Milan.

1991
The Supermodel was born when Gianni Versace sent all the top models down the runway for his Autumn/Winter 1991/1992 collection.
Versace Theatre exhibition at the Royal College of Art in London.
Dresses for Thought exhibition toured to Kobe, Japan.

1992
Designed stage costumes for Elton John's World Tour and album cover.
Versace Signatures exhibition shown at the Fashion Institute of New York.

1993
Awarded the first American fashion Oscar by the 'Council of Fashion Designers of America'.

1994
Elizabeth Hurley wore safety-pin dress to the opening of Hugh Grant's film Four Weddings and a Funeral.
Versace Signatures exhibition opened at the Kunstgewerbemuseum, Germany.

1995
First Versus fashion show was held in New York.
Awarded the 'VH1 Fashion and Music Award' in New York for his contributions to music's image.
Haute Couture, group exhibition of garments by Versace, Chanel, Balenciaga and Dior at the Metropolitan Museum of New York.

1996
WeberVietnamVersace exhibition of Weber's Versace Campaign at Palazzo Reale, Milan.
Versace's Casa Casuarina, Miami was awarded the 'Florida Trust For Historic Preservation' prize for the best renovation work.

1997
Gianni Versace died on 15 July in Miami, Florida.

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This content was originally written in association with the exhibition 'Versace at the V&A', on display at the V&A South Kensington from 17 October – 12 January 2003.

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Source: http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/g/gianni-versace/

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